Android 版本适配

前言

前阵子适配 Android 9.0 时，遇到一些坑，感觉适配准备得不够充分就上线，会遇到非常多的问题，而现在再过几周，Android Q 正式版就要发布了，今天 Google 宣布发布最后一个 Beta 测试版 Android Q Beta 6 了，所以适配 Android Q 的工作也要尽早完成，Android Q Beta 6 发布文章

适配 Android 9.0 的坑

Android 9 功能和 API
适配 Android 10.0 应当注意的事项
Android Q 测试版
Android 10 功能和 API
Android Q 适配指南让你少走一堆弯路

实际操作

总之，先搞到 Android Q 的手机或者模拟器先，可以查看获取 Android Q 测试版

成功打开 Android Q 版本的模拟器之后，先打开设置看一看，可以看到当前的系统版本号

支持与版本说明

代号、标记和细分版本号

关于代号官方文档

然后直接在 Android Q 上运行应用，查看应用的运行情况，是否存在打不开，卡顿，闪退等比较明显的现象

上面的操作没问题了，于是直接把 targetSdkVersion 改为 29

如何选择 compileSdkVersion, minSdkVersion 和 targetSdkVersion

编译运行，发现出现了非常多的报错，都是类型错误，原本没有说明是可为空的对象，现在变成了可为空的，比如 Parcel 的 readString() 方法，Class 的 cast() 方法等

使用 Kotlin 开发 Android 应用

Parcel readString 可为空

所以要对这些可为空的对象进行处理，让代码可以正常编译运行，最后可以正常运行在 Android Q 的模拟器上

扫描非 SDK 接口

所谓非 SDK 接口，在 iOS 开发中类似于“私有 API”，通俗的说，两者都是官方提供的接口，但前者明文包含在 SDK 中，允许开发者调用；后者出于各方面原因（比如还在测试中或是这个接口仅供系统内部调用），不鼓励甚至禁止开发者调用

当你调用了非 SDK 接口时，会有类似 Accessing hidden XXX 的日志，还指示了访问方式：直接，通过反射或通过 JNI

1
2

Accessing hidden field Landroid/os/Message;->flags:I (light greylist, JNI)
Accessing hidden method Landroid/app/ActivityThread;->currentActivityThread()Landroid/app/ActivityThread; (dark greylist, reflection)

light greylisted ：包含方法和字段，它们继续在 Android P 预览版中运行，但 Google 无法保证在未来版本的平台上访问这些方法和字段
dark greylist：开发人员预览版本中无法访问的方法，这些日志消息可以使用 adb logcat 访问，并且会显示在正在运行的应用程序的 PID 下

但是一个大项目到底哪里使用了这些方法，靠自己 review 代码和看日志是不现实的，谷歌官方提供了官方检查器 veridex 来检测一个 apk 中哪里使用了非 SDK 接口，veridex下载

下载完毕后解压，解压后目录结构如下：

可以看到它里面包含了各名单的 txt 文件，其中 appcompat.sh 就是运行脚本

把需要扫描的 apk 放到同一目录下，使用终端 cd 到该目录，运行以下命令：(test.apk 为目标 apk，imprecise：不精确)

./appcompat.sh --dex-file=test.apk

./appcompat.sh --dex-file=test.apk >> happy.txt

./appcompat.sh --dex-file=test.apk --imprecise >> happy2.txt

对项目中的条目分类了一下，得到如下列表，观察详细内容，发现 veridex 把 Android 自己调用的也检测出来了

Rxjava:

#2: Linking greylist Lsun/misc/Unsafe;->arrayBaseOffset(Ljava/lang/Class;)I use(s): (io.reactivex:rxjava:1.2.1@jar)
       Lcom/google/common/hash/LittleEndianByteArray$UnsafeByteArray;-><clinit>()V
       Lcom/google/common/primitives/UnsignedBytes$LexicographicalComparatorHolder$UnsafeComparator;-><clinit>()V
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/ConcurrentCircularArrayQueue;-><clinit>()V
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/ConcurrentSequencedCircularArrayQueue;-><clinit>()V
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/SpscUnboundedArrayQueue;-><clinit>()V

#3: Linking greylist Lsun/misc/Unsafe;->arrayIndexScale(Ljava/lang/Class;)I use(s): (io.reactivex:rxjava:1.2.1@jar)
       Lcom/google/common/hash/LittleEndianByteArray$UnsafeByteArray;-><clinit>()V
       Lcom/google/common/primitives/UnsignedBytes$LexicographicalComparatorHolder$UnsafeComparator;-><clinit>()V
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/ConcurrentCircularArrayQueue;-><clinit>()V
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/ConcurrentSequencedCircularArrayQueue;-><clinit>()V
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/SpscUnboundedArrayQueue;-><clinit>()V

#5: Linking greylist Lsun/misc/Unsafe;->compareAndSwapLong(Ljava/lang/Object;JJJ)Z use(s):
       Lcom/google/common/cache/Striped64$Cell;->a(JJ)Z
       Lcom/google/common/cache/Striped64;->b(JJ)Z
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/MpmcArrayQueueConsumerField;->b(JJ)Z
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/MpmcArrayQueueProducerField;->c(JJ)Z
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/SpmcArrayQueueConsumerField;->b(JJ)Z

#6: Linking greylist Lsun/misc/Unsafe;->compareAndSwapObject(Ljava/lang/Object;JLjava/lang/Object;Ljava/lang/Object;)Z use(s):
       Lcom/google/common/util/concurrent/AbstractFuture$UnsafeAtomicHelper;->a(Lcom/google/common/util/concurrent/AbstractFuture;Lcom/google/common/util/concurrent/AbstractFuture$Listener;Lcom/google/common/util/concurrent/AbstractFuture$Listener;)Z
       Lcom/google/common/util/concurrent/AbstractFuture$UnsafeAtomicHelper;->a(Lcom/google/common/util/concurrent/AbstractFuture;Lcom/google/common/util/concurrent/AbstractFuture$Waiter;Lcom/google/common/util/concurrent/AbstractFuture$Waiter;)Z
       Lcom/google/common/util/concurrent/AbstractFuture$UnsafeAtomicHelper;->a(Lcom/google/common/util/concurrent/AbstractFuture;Ljava/lang/Object;Ljava/lang/Object;)Z
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/MpscLinkedQueue;->c(Lrx/internal/util/atomic/LinkedQueueNode;)Lrx/internal/util/atomic/LinkedQueueNode;

#8: Linking greylist Lsun/misc/Unsafe;->getLongVolatile(Ljava/lang/Object;J)J use(s):
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/ConcurrentSequencedCircularArrayQueue;->a([JJ)J
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/SpscArrayQueue;->a()J
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/SpscArrayQueue;->b()J
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/SpscUnboundedArrayQueue;->a()J
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/SpscUnboundedArrayQueue;->b()J

#9: Linking greylist Lsun/misc/Unsafe;->getObject(Ljava/lang/Object;J)Ljava/lang/Object; use(s):
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/ConcurrentCircularArrayQueue;->a([Ljava/lang/Object;J)Ljava/lang/Object;

#10: Linking greylist Lsun/misc/Unsafe;->getObjectVolatile(Ljava/lang/Object;J)Ljava/lang/Object; use(s):
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/BaseLinkedQueueConsumerNodeRef;->a()Lrx/internal/util/atomic/LinkedQueueNode;
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/BaseLinkedQueueProducerNodeRef;->c()Lrx/internal/util/atomic/LinkedQueueNode;
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/ConcurrentCircularArrayQueue;->b([Ljava/lang/Object;J)Ljava/lang/Object;
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/SpscUnboundedArrayQueue;->a([Ljava/lang/Object;J)Ljava/lang/Object;

#12: Linking greylist Lsun/misc/Unsafe;->objectFieldOffset(Ljava/lang/reflect/Field;)J use(s):
       Lcom/google/common/cache/Striped64$Cell;-><clinit>()V
       Lcom/google/common/cache/Striped64;-><clinit>()V (2 occurrences)
       Lcom/google/common/hash/Striped64$Cell;-><clinit>()V
       Lcom/google/common/hash/Striped64;-><clinit>()V (2 occurrences)
       Lcom/google/common/util/concurrent/AbstractFuture$UnsafeAtomicHelper;-><clinit>()V (5 occurrences)
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/SpscUnboundedArrayQueue;-><clinit>()V (2 occurrences)
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/UnsafeAccess;->a(Ljava/lang/Class;Ljava/lang/String;)J

#13: Linking greylist Lsun/misc/Unsafe;->putObject(Ljava/lang/Object;JLjava/lang/Object;)V use(s):
       Lcom/google/common/util/concurrent/AbstractFuture$UnsafeAtomicHelper;->a(Lcom/google/common/util/concurrent/AbstractFuture$Waiter;Lcom/google/common/util/concurrent/AbstractFuture$Waiter;)V
       Lcom/google/common/util/concurrent/AbstractFuture$UnsafeAtomicHelper;->a(Lcom/google/common/util/concurrent/AbstractFuture$Waiter;Ljava/lang/Thread;)V
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/ConcurrentCircularArrayQueue;->a([Ljava/lang/Object;JLjava/lang/Object;)V

#14: Linking greylist Lsun/misc/Unsafe;->putOrderedLong(Ljava/lang/Object;JJ)V use(s):
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/ConcurrentSequencedCircularArrayQueue;->a([JJJ)V
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/SpmcArrayQueueProducerField;->d(J)V
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/SpscArrayQueue;->d(J)V
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/SpscArrayQueue;->e(J)V
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/SpscUnboundedArrayQueue;->a(J)V
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/SpscUnboundedArrayQueue;->b(J)V

#15: Linking greylist Lsun/misc/Unsafe;->putOrderedObject(Ljava/lang/Object;JLjava/lang/Object;)V use(s):
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/ConcurrentCircularArrayQueue;->b([Ljava/lang/Object;JLjava/lang/Object;)V
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/SpscUnboundedArrayQueue;->a([Ljava/lang/Object;JLjava/lang/Object;)V

Google:

#4: Linking greylist Lsun/misc/Unsafe;->compareAndSwapInt(Ljava/lang/Object;JII)Z use(s):
       Lcom/google/common/cache/Striped64;->c()Z

#7: Linking greylist Lsun/misc/Unsafe;->getLong(Ljava/lang/Object;J)J use(s):
       Lcom/google/common/hash/LittleEndianByteArray$UnsafeByteArray$1;->a([BI)J
       Lcom/google/common/hash/LittleEndianByteArray$UnsafeByteArray$2;->a([BI)J
       Lcom/google/common/primitives/UnsignedBytes$LexicographicalComparatorHolder$UnsafeComparator;->a([B[B)I (2 occurrences)

#11: Linking greylist Lsun/misc/Unsafe;->getUnsafe()Lsun/misc/Unsafe; use(s):
       Lcom/google/common/cache/Striped64;->a()Lsun/misc/Unsafe;
       Lcom/google/common/hash/LittleEndianByteArray$UnsafeByteArray;->c()Lsun/misc/Unsafe;
       Lcom/google/common/hash/Striped64;->a()Lsun/misc/Unsafe;
       Lcom/google/common/primitives/UnsignedBytes$LexicographicalComparatorHolder$UnsafeComparator;->a()Lsun/misc/Unsafe;
       Lcom/google/common/util/concurrent/AbstractFuture$UnsafeAtomicHelper;-><clinit>()V

AndroidX

#16: Reflection greylist-max-p Landroid/animation/LayoutTransition;->cancel use(s):
       Landroidx/transition/ViewGroupUtilsApi14;->a(Landroid/animation/LayoutTransition;)V

#21: Reflection greylist Landroid/app/Dialog;->mOnKeyListener use(s):
       Landroidx/core/view/KeyEventDispatcher;->a(Landroid/app/Dialog;)Landroid/content/DialogInterface$OnKeyListener;

#29: Reflection greylist Landroid/content/res/Resources;->mResourcesImpl use(s):
       Landroidx/appcompat/app/ResourcesFlusher;->d(Landroid/content/res/Resources;)V

#30: Reflection greylist Landroid/graphics/Typeface;->createFromFamiliesWithDefault use(s):
       Landroidx/core/graphics/TypefaceCompatApi24Impl;-><clinit>()V
       Landroidx/core/graphics/TypefaceCompatApi26Impl;->f(Ljava/lang/Class;)Ljava/lang/reflect/Method;
       Landroidx/core/graphics/TypefaceCompatApi28Impl;->f(Ljava/lang/Class;)Ljava/lang/reflect/Method;

#31: Reflection greylist Landroid/media/session/MediaSession;->getCallingPackage use(s):
       Landroid/support/v4/media/session/MediaSessionCompatApi24;->a(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/String;

#33: Reflection greylist Landroid/os/Bundle;->getIBinder use(s):
       Landroidx/core/app/BundleCompat$BundleCompatBaseImpl;->a(Landroid/os/Bundle;Ljava/lang/String;)Landroid/os/IBinder;

#34: Reflection greylist Landroid/os/Bundle;->putIBinder use(s):
       Landroidx/core/app/BundleCompat$BundleCompatBaseImpl;->a(Landroid/os/Bundle;Ljava/lang/String;Landroid/os/IBinder;)V

#35: Reflection greylist Landroid/service/media/MediaBrowserService$Result;->mFlags use(s):
       Landroidx/media/MediaBrowserServiceCompatApi26;-><clinit>()V

#45: Reflection greylist Landroid/view/LayoutInflater;->mFactory2 use(s):
       Landroidx/core/view/LayoutInflaterCompat;->b(Landroid/view/LayoutInflater;Landroid/view/LayoutInflater$Factory2;)V

#46: Reflection greylist Landroid/view/View;->computeFitSystemWindows use(s):
       Landroidx/appcompat/widget/ViewUtils;-><clinit>()V

#47: Reflection greylist Landroid/view/View;->mAccessibilityDelegate use(s):
       Landroidx/core/view/ViewCompat;->b(Landroid/view/View;)Z

#49: Reflection greylist-max-p Landroid/view/View;->mViewFlags use(s):
       Landroidx/transition/ViewUtils;->a()V

#50: Reflection greylist-max-p Landroid/view/animation/Animation;->mListener use(s):
       Landroidx/fragment/app/FragmentManagerImpl;->a(Landroid/view/animation/Animation;)Landroid/view/animation/Animation$AnimationListener;

#51: Reflection greylist Landroid/widget/AbsListView;->mIsChildViewEnabled use(s):
       Landroidx/appcompat/widget/DropDownListView;-><init>(Landroid/content/Context;Z)V

#52: Reflection greylist-max-p Landroid/widget/AutoCompleteTextView;->doAfterTextChanged use(s):
       Landroidx/appcompat/widget/SearchView$AutoCompleteTextViewReflector;-><init>()V

#53: Reflection greylist-max-p Landroid/widget/AutoCompleteTextView;->doBeforeTextChanged use(s):
       Landroidx/appcompat/widget/SearchView$AutoCompleteTextViewReflector;-><init>()V

#54: Reflection greylist-max-p Landroid/widget/AutoCompleteTextView;->ensureImeVisible use(s):
       Landroidx/appcompat/widget/SearchView$AutoCompleteTextViewReflector;-><init>()V

#65: Reflection greylist Ljava/lang/Thread;->inheritableThreadLocals use(s):
       Lcom/google/common/base/internal/Finalizer;->b()Ljava/lang/reflect/Field;

#66: Reflection greylist Llibcore/icu/ICU;->addLikelySubtags use(s):
       Landroidx/core/text/ICUCompat;-><clinit>()V

#67: Reflection greylist Lsun/misc/Unsafe;->allocateInstance use(s):
       Lcom/google/gson/internal/UnsafeAllocator;->create()Lcom/google/gson/internal/UnsafeAllocator;

#68: Reflection greylist Lsun/misc/Unsafe;->theUnsafe use(s):
       Lcom/google/gson/internal/UnsafeAllocator;->create()Lcom/google/gson/internal/UnsafeAllocator;
       Lrx/internal/util/unsafe/UnsafeAccess;-><clinit>()V

68 hidden API(s) used: 15 linked against, 53 through reflection
       60 in greylist
       0 in blacklist
       0 in greylist-max-o
       8 in greylist-max-p
To run an analysis that can give more reflection accesses, 
but could include false positives, pass the --imprecise flag.

greylist: 灰名单，即当前版本仍能使用的非 SDK 接口，但在下一版本中可能变成被限制的非 SDK 接口
blacklist：黑名单，使用了就会报错。也是我们项目中必须解决的非 SDK 接口
greylist-max-o：在 targetSDK<=O 中能使用，但是在 targetSDK>=P 中被限制的非 SDK 接口
greylist-max-p：在 targetSDK<=P 中能使用，但是在 targetSDK>=Q 中被限制的非 SDK 接口

使用非官方 API 的后果

在 Developer Preview 的后续版本中，访问非 SDK 接口的各种方法都会产生错误或其他不良结果，下面列出了几种示例：

Android Q 暗黑模式适配

/**
 * 检查当前系统是否已开启暗黑模式
 */
fun getDarkModeStatus(context: Context): Boolean {
  val mode = context.resources.configuration.uiMode and Configuration.UI_MODE_NIGHT_MASK
  return mode == Configuration.UI_MODE_NIGHT_YES
}

在需要跟随夜间模式的 Activity 中添加 android:configChanges="uiMode" 选项，并重写 onConfigurationChanged() 方法

<activity
    android:name=".TestActivity"
    android:configChanges="uiMode" />

override fun onConfigurationChanged(newConfig: Configuration) {
  super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig)
  when (newConfig.uiMode and Configuration.UI_MODE_NIGHT_MASK) {
    Configuration.UI_MODE_NIGHT_YES -> {
        // 暗黑模式开启
    }
    Configuration.UI_MODE_NIGHT_NO -> {
        // 暗黑模已关闭
    }
  }
}

关于 configChanges

Android Q 全面屏及手势适配

左图 18.5:9 设备上最大纵横比设置为 16:9 的应用

右图 18.5:9 设备上最大纵横比设置为 18.5:9 的应用

<!-- 适配全面屏 -->
<meta-data
  android:name="android.max_aspect"
  android:value="2.22" />

建议将应用设计为支持 2.1 或更高的纵横比，如果未设置任何值，并且 android:resizeableActivity 不为 true，则最大纵横比默认为 1.86（大约相当于 16:9），应用将无法充分利用额外的屏幕空间

打开全面屏：

这张图片基本上指的是过去这么长时间，一般应用可以利用的在屏幕上的一个所谓的“安全范围”，在 Android Q 上，我们首先建议大家去考虑使用最下面的导航栏区域

在没有适配全面屏的应用中，会看到如下效果：

官方文档

手势操作再添新机制，Android Q Beta 5 更新详解 | 剧透

Android Q Labs | Android Q 手势导航

开发记录

#Android

Android 版本适配

https://enderhoshi.github.io/2019/08/12/Android 版本适配/

作者

HoshIlIlI

发布于

2019年8月12日

许可协议

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Android 版本适配

前言

适配 Android 9.0 的坑

适配 Android 10.0 应当注意的事项

实际操作

扫描非 SDK 接口

使用非官方 API 的后果

Android Q 暗黑模式适配

Android Q 全面屏及手势适配